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By Counterman
While constant velocity (CV) joints are the most popular type of driveline joint in use today, universal or “U” joints are still in use on the driveshaft of many larger SUVs, trucks and vans. U-joints can handle a lot of torque, making them popular for these applications, but why did the CV joint rise in popularity? The question can be answered by looking at the operational aspects of a U-joint.
The basics are this: U-joints are located on the ends of a driveshaft, mounted between the driveshaft and a front and rear yoke. The front yoke attaches to the transmission and the rear yoke attaches to rear differential. As the engine moves from the effects of torque and as the suspension of a vehicle travels up and down, the angle of the driveshaft changes.
A U-joint does two things. First, it transfers the motion between the yoke(s) and driveshaft and, second, it does this at different angles, allowing for driveline movement. Here’s where the fun begins. When a yoke and the driveshaft are in perfect alignment, the velocity from one is transferred to the other at the same rate. However, when there is an angle between the two, the velocity of the driven member fluctuates continuously during rotation.
It can be hard to visualize, but the reason this happens is that as the angle of the U-joint changes, the two halves of the U-joint cross are forced to rotate on a different axis. The drive axis remains at a constant velocity, and the ends of the U-joint connected to it rotate in a consistent circular path at the same velocity.
The driven axis, however, rotates in a path which causes the distance of travel at the outer ends of the U-joint cross to increase or decrease in relation to the consistent points of the drive axis.
This effect results in the continuous fluctuation of velocity between the input and output sides of the U-joint. While the input remains at a consistent speed, the output speeds up and slows down as the points of the driven axis continuously alter between a long and short path of travel.
So, why don’t we feel that on a vehicle with a traditional driveshaft? Because there are two U-joints and the fluctuation on each end balances out, effectively allowing the driveshaft to provide a consistent output speed to the rear differential. The angle of the two joints must be the same, however, and it doesn’t take much wear in one for the angles to differ, and subsequently cause a vibration.
U-joints are known for their propensity to cause vibration, and an inherent disadvantage they have is the greater the angle of the U-joint, the greater the fluctuation in velocity. Anything over 30 degrees and the fluctuation dramatically increases.
The driveshaft I’ve described here represents the majority, but U-joints have also been used frequently in the past on the end of the front axles for a 4WD vehicle, and in the rear of independent rear suspension vehicles on the ends of short driveshafts, known as half-shafts. Have you ever noticed how jittery an old 4WD truck feels in the front when the hubs are locked, and you turn a corner? Now that you understand how the fluctuation in velocity of a U-joint changes as the angle increases, you know why.
You may have heard of a Double-Cardan U-joint. It is basically two joints side-by side with a common link-yoke in between. This is one of the original concepts for a true CV joint, and they are often referred to as this. The advantage they have is they offer smoother operation at greater angles, and they are common on 4WD trucks, and a common upgrade for lifted trucks where the driveshaft angle is altered considerably.
The drawback to a Double-Cardan joint is they are bulky, and they can still suffer from limitations due to operating angle. The operating limitations of a U-joint ultimately brought about the popularity of the modern CV joint, but the durability of U-joints means we’ll still be seeing them in certain applications.
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By Counterman
While constant velocity (CV) joints are the most popular type of driveline joint in use today, universal or “U” joints are still in use on the driveshaft of many larger SUVs, trucks and vans. U-joints can handle a lot of torque, making them popular for these applications, but why did the CV joint rise in popularity? The question can be answered by looking at the operational aspects of a U-joint.
The basics are this: U-joints are located on the ends of a driveshaft, mounted between the driveshaft and a front and rear yoke. The front yoke attaches to the transmission and the rear yoke attaches to rear differential. As the engine moves from the effects of torque and as the suspension of a vehicle travels up and down, the angle of the driveshaft changes.
A U-joint does two things. First, it transfers the motion between the yoke(s) and driveshaft and, second, it does this at different angles, allowing for driveline movement. Here’s where the fun begins. When a yoke and the driveshaft are in perfect alignment, the velocity from one is transferred to the other at the same rate. However, when there is an angle between the two, the velocity of the driven member fluctuates continuously during rotation.
It can be hard to visualize, but the reason this happens is that as the angle of the U-joint changes, the two halves of the U-joint cross are forced to rotate on a different axis. The drive axis remains at a constant velocity, and the ends of the U-joint connected to it rotate in a consistent circular path at the same velocity.
The driven axis, however, rotates in a path which causes the distance of travel at the outer ends of the U-joint cross to increase or decrease in relation to the consistent points of the drive axis.
This effect results in the continuous fluctuation of velocity between the input and output sides of the U-joint. While the input remains at a consistent speed, the output speeds up and slows down as the points of the driven axis continuously alter between a long and short path of travel.
So, why don’t we feel that on a vehicle with a traditional driveshaft? Because there are two U-joints and the fluctuation on each end balances out, effectively allowing the driveshaft to provide a consistent output speed to the rear differential. The angle of the two joints must be the same, however, and it doesn’t take much wear in one for the angles to differ, and subsequently cause a vibration.
U-joints are known for their propensity to cause vibration, and an inherent disadvantage they have is the greater the angle of the U-joint, the greater the fluctuation in velocity. Anything over 30 degrees and the fluctuation dramatically increases.
The driveshaft I’ve described here represents the majority, but U-joints have also been used frequently in the past on the end of the front axles for a 4WD vehicle, and in the rear of independent rear suspension vehicles on the ends of short driveshafts, known as half-shafts. Have you ever noticed how jittery an old 4WD truck feels in the front when the hubs are locked, and you turn a corner? Now that you understand how the fluctuation in velocity of a U-joint changes as the angle increases, you know why.
You may have heard of a Double-Cardan U-joint. It is basically two joints side-by side with a common link-yoke in between. This is one of the original concepts for a true CV joint, and they are often referred to as this. The advantage they have is they offer smoother operation at greater angles, and they are common on 4WD trucks, and a common upgrade for lifted trucks where the driveshaft angle is altered considerably.
The drawback to a Double-Cardan joint is they are bulky, and they can still suffer from limitations due to operating angle. The operating limitations of a U-joint ultimately brought about the popularity of the modern CV joint, but the durability of U-joints means we’ll still be seeing them in certain applications.
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By Counterman
The
link hidden, please login to view is calling on its members and the wider auto care community to take immediate action in the fight for the right to repair with the launch of the “#RighttoRepair, RIGHT NOW” challenge. The initiative encourages every member to send a new letter to their legislator, demanding swift action on Right to Repair legislation. The challenge is designed to amplify the voices of consumers and industry professionals alike, ensuring that their message reaches the halls of Congress. As part of the challenge, participants are asked not only to urge their legislators to pass H.R. 906, “The REPAIR Act,” but also to spread the word by tagging three colleagues, friends or industry peers on social media, urging them to do the same.
Here’s how to participate in the #RighttoRepair, RIGHT NOW challenge in three steps:
Send a New Letter: Visit repairact.com to send our updated letter to your legislator. Take a Selfie: Take a selfie featuring a message that you took action. Post about your action on social media, using the hashtag #RighttoRepair. Tag More People: Challenge three others to do the same by tagging them directly in your post. “As summer comes to a close and Congress picks back up from its August recess, it is now a critical moment for us to make as much noise as possible on the right to repair issue to capture the attention of our elected officials,” said Bill Hanvey, president and CEO,
link hidden, please login to view. “We want to make sure Congress knows how important right to repair is to the American people, and one of the best ways to capture their attention is through grassroots efforts like the ‘#RighttoRepair, RIGHT NOW’ challenge. In the shadow of an election that is less than 100 days away, I ask that all members of our industry partake in this social media campaign with us to keep this fight for the right to repair alive on Capitol Hill.” The Auto Care Association provides all the resources necessary to participate in this campaign, including letter templates, legislator contact information, and
link hidden, please login to view. You can get started by visiting link hidden, please login to view today and sending a new letter. The post
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By shelitaauto
URL:
link hidden, please login to view Source: Gasgoo
In the second quarter,
link hidden, please login to view’s electric vehicle sales in the United States again surpassed General Motors, ranking second in the U.S. electric vehicle market sales, and is on track to close the gap with Tesla.
Ford Mustang Mach-E; Image source: Ford
In the second quarter of this year, Ford sold 23,957 electric vehicles in the United States, a 61% increase from the same period last year, when total electric vehicle sales were 14,843. Meanwhile, Ford’s sales of hybrid vehicles rose 55 percent year over year. However, sales of internal combustion engine cars were down 5 per cent year on year.
Ford saw double-digit sales growth for several of its electric vehicles. Sales of the Ford F-150 Lightning rose 76.9% to 7,902 units. While new competitors such as the Tesla Cybertruck and the Chevrolet Silverado EV RST have all hit the U.S. market, the Ford F-150 Lightning remained the best-selling electric truck in the U.S. in the first half of the year, with 15,654 units sold.
Second-quarter sales of the Ford Mustang Mach-E were up 46.5% year-over-year to 12,645 units. In the first half of this year, 22,234 units of the Mustang Mach-E were delivered, the best performance ever. Sales of Ford’s E-Transit electric van continued to climb in the second quarter, rising 95.5 percent to 3,410 units from a year earlier.
In the first half of 2024, Ford sold a total of 44,189 electric vehicles in the U.S. market, up 72% from 25,709 in the same period last year.
Ford CEO Jim Farley said the automaker is shifting to smaller, more affordable electric vehicles to close the gap with Tesla and fend off competitors like BYD worldwide. Referring to Americans’ love affair with “larger vehicles,” Farley said smaller electric vehicles are “very important to driving the decarbonisation of American society and the development of electric vehicles.”
Ford’s surge in electric vehicle sales in the US market is enough for it to continue to overtake General Motors. In the United States, GM delivered 21,930 electric vehicles in the second quarter, compared with 38,355 in the first half of 2024.
GM is also ramping up production by introducing new models, with electric models such as the Chevrolet Blazer, Equinox and Silverado coming to the U.S. market. While Tesla did not give specific sales figures by region, its second-quarter electric vehicle sales worldwide exceeded expectations, delivering 443,956 electric vehicles and remaining №1 in the U.S. market.
As competition in the U.S. electric vehicle market intensifies, other competitors, including Hyundai and Kia, also set new EV sales records in the second quarter. Hyundai Motor, for example, set a new sales record with its IONIQ 5 model, which sold 18,728 units in the first half of the year. Meanwhile, sales of Kia’s first three-row electric SUV, the EV9, are also climbing.
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By Mighty Auto Parts
The post
link hidden, please login to view appeared first on link hidden, please login to view. When diagnosing engine performance complaints such as misfire symptoms, be advised that several systems and components can contribute to those symptoms. When considering single or multiple misfire codes, some checks may seem farfetched but trust me if not all are considered the symptoms can elude the most experienced technician, resulting in a misdiagnosis. When this […]
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