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Cadillac may become GM's Electric brand
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By Mighty Auto Parts
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link hidden, please login to view appeared first on link hidden, please login to view. Selecting the right maintenance schedule is imperative for the health of the engine in preventing major engine repairs or in extreme cases preventing a total engine replacement. Neglecting the required service interval can result in an accumulation of sludge and deposits that can restrict the flow of lubricant to vital engine components. Consider the following: […]
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By Counterman
Electric power steering systems have gained widespread popularity in the U.S. since their introduction in 1990, primarily due to the increasing number of hybrid and electric vehicles in today’s market. Like any new(er) technology, each manufacturer has a slightly different method of achieving the same goal, in this case effortless power steering assist, and some are better suited than others for certain applications.
The first (but never fully-realized in production) was an electro-hydraulic system intended for the 1989 Pontiac Fiero. When GM decided that 1988 would be the last year for the Fiero, the system was shelved for later use in its short-lived EV-1 battery electric vehicle. Electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) is itself a sort of hybrid, with an electric motor-driven hydraulic pump replacing the belt-driven unit common to “traditional” power steering systems, but retaining the familiar hydraulic rack and pinion assembly, the associated hoses and hard lines, and often a system-specific hydraulic fluid. Found across a wide variety of marques, EHPS remains relevant today as we find ourselves transitioning between ICE, hybrid and BEV technologies.
Fully-electric power steering systems use DC motors rather than hydraulic pressure to provide the assistive force required to turn the wheels. Electric motors are long-wearing and quiet, eliminating the squeals and groans common to hydraulic systems, and the power losses associated with belt-driven accessories. These features make them an ideal choice for luxury cars as well as those quiet-running BEVs and hybrids. When compared to hydraulic systems, EPS also represents a weight reduction, adding to vehicle efficiency. Current EPS designs fall into three general categories, based upon the location of the assist motor(s).
C-EPS, or “column assist” systems are commonly found in compact vehicles. The motor, sensors and other electronics are integrated into the upper steering column assembly. This location maximizes underhood space, with the bulk of the assembly hidden below the dashboard, and still allows for integration with ADAS features like self-parking, lane assist, handsfree and self-driving technologies. This system is the only one of the three EPS designs that does not attach to or integrate with the rack and pinion. With no plumbing or wiring, the C-EPS rack unit is effectively a manual steering gear.
R-EPS, also known as “rack assist” systems feature assist motors integrated into or attached in parallel to the rack body. A recirculating ball gear and toothed rubber belt convert the assist motor’s rotation into a linear (side-to side) motion. Capable of high applied force, this “parallel axis” design is used primarily in light trucks, SUVs and other vehicles where extra steering effort is required. The rubber belt is a common failure point for this type of rack, but repair kits are widely available for many domestic applications, and offer substantial savings when compared to the cost of a complete steering gear.
The last category is the “pinion-assist” or P-EPS system. Single-pinion designs locate a relatively large assist motor at the lower end of the steering column, and force is applied directly to the pinion gear at the input shaft. Due to space and safety considerations, many manufacturers have eliminated this system in favor of a dual-pinion setup. The input pinion gear connects to the column, but the assist motor drives a second pinion gear at the opposite end of the rack, isolating the motor from the column, and resulting in improved steering feel. Limited mostly to mid-size cars, P-EPS is not powerful enough for use in heavy vehicles and most light trucks.
Vehicle electrification will continue to drive future EPS technologies, but existing ICE vehicles have already proven the advantages of these systems across multiple platforms. The progression from manual to hydraulic to electric power steering systems leaves us on the verge of the next technology, known as “steer by wire.” Just as “throttle by wire” has largely replaced the accelerator cable with a pedal position sensor, engineers are removing the physical linkage between the steering wheel and the steering gear. Steering angle sensors, torque sensors and vehicle speed sensors contribute information to the steering module, which determines the amount of assist required under different driving conditions. This data is sent to actuators in the rack unit that perform the commanded steering functions. Once the realm of science fiction, SBW can now be found in the Infiniti Q60, the Lexus RZ and the Tesla Cybertruck.
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By Counterman
Electric power steering systems have gained widespread popularity in the U.S. since their introduction in 1990, primarily due to the increasing number of hybrid and electric vehicles in today’s market. Like any new(er) technology, each manufacturer has a slightly different method of achieving the same goal, in this case effortless power steering assist, and some are better suited than others for certain applications.
The first (but never fully-realized in production) was an electro-hydraulic system intended for the 1989 Pontiac Fiero. When GM decided that 1988 would be the last year for the Fiero, the system was shelved for later use in its short-lived EV-1 battery electric vehicle. Electro-hydraulic power steering (EHPS) is itself a sort of hybrid, with an electric motor-driven hydraulic pump replacing the belt-driven unit common to “traditional” power steering systems, but retaining the familiar hydraulic rack and pinion assembly, the associated hoses and hard lines, and often a system-specific hydraulic fluid. Found across a wide variety of marques, EHPS remains relevant today as we find ourselves transitioning between ICE, hybrid and BEV technologies.
Fully-electric power steering systems use DC motors rather than hydraulic pressure to provide the assistive force required to turn the wheels. Electric motors are long-wearing and quiet, eliminating the squeals and groans common to hydraulic systems, and the power losses associated with belt-driven accessories. These features make them an ideal choice for luxury cars as well as those quiet-running BEVs and hybrids. When compared to hydraulic systems, EPS also represents a weight reduction, adding to vehicle efficiency. Current EPS designs fall into three general categories, based upon the location of the assist motor(s).
C-EPS, or “column assist” systems are commonly found in compact vehicles. The motor, sensors and other electronics are integrated into the upper steering column assembly. This location maximizes underhood space, with the bulk of the assembly hidden below the dashboard, and still allows for integration with ADAS features like self-parking, lane assist, handsfree and self-driving technologies. This system is the only one of the three EPS designs that does not attach to or integrate with the rack and pinion. With no plumbing or wiring, the C-EPS rack unit is effectively a manual steering gear.
R-EPS, also known as “rack assist” systems feature assist motors integrated into or attached in parallel to the rack body. A recirculating ball gear and toothed rubber belt convert the assist motor’s rotation into a linear (side-to side) motion. Capable of high applied force, this “parallel axis” design is used primarily in light trucks, SUVs and other vehicles where extra steering effort is required. The rubber belt is a common failure point for this type of rack, but repair kits are widely available for many domestic applications, and offer substantial savings when compared to the cost of a complete steering gear.
The last category is the “pinion-assist” or P-EPS system. Single-pinion designs locate a relatively large assist motor at the lower end of the steering column, and force is applied directly to the pinion gear at the input shaft. Due to space and safety considerations, many manufacturers have eliminated this system in favor of a dual-pinion setup. The input pinion gear connects to the column, but the assist motor drives a second pinion gear at the opposite end of the rack, isolating the motor from the column, and resulting in improved steering feel. Limited mostly to mid-size cars, P-EPS is not powerful enough for use in heavy vehicles and most light trucks.
Vehicle electrification will continue to drive future EPS technologies, but existing ICE vehicles have already proven the advantages of these systems across multiple platforms. The progression from manual to hydraulic to electric power steering systems leaves us on the verge of the next technology, known as “steer by wire.” Just as “throttle by wire” has largely replaced the accelerator cable with a pedal position sensor, engineers are removing the physical linkage between the steering wheel and the steering gear. Steering angle sensors, torque sensors and vehicle speed sensors contribute information to the steering module, which determines the amount of assist required under different driving conditions. This data is sent to actuators in the rack unit that perform the commanded steering functions. Once the realm of science fiction, SBW can now be found in the Infiniti Q60, the Lexus RZ and the Tesla Cybertruck.
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By shelitaauto
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In the second quarter,
link hidden, please login to view’s electric vehicle sales in the United States again surpassed General Motors, ranking second in the U.S. electric vehicle market sales, and is on track to close the gap with Tesla.
Ford Mustang Mach-E; Image source: Ford
In the second quarter of this year, Ford sold 23,957 electric vehicles in the United States, a 61% increase from the same period last year, when total electric vehicle sales were 14,843. Meanwhile, Ford’s sales of hybrid vehicles rose 55 percent year over year. However, sales of internal combustion engine cars were down 5 per cent year on year.
Ford saw double-digit sales growth for several of its electric vehicles. Sales of the Ford F-150 Lightning rose 76.9% to 7,902 units. While new competitors such as the Tesla Cybertruck and the Chevrolet Silverado EV RST have all hit the U.S. market, the Ford F-150 Lightning remained the best-selling electric truck in the U.S. in the first half of the year, with 15,654 units sold.
Second-quarter sales of the Ford Mustang Mach-E were up 46.5% year-over-year to 12,645 units. In the first half of this year, 22,234 units of the Mustang Mach-E were delivered, the best performance ever. Sales of Ford’s E-Transit electric van continued to climb in the second quarter, rising 95.5 percent to 3,410 units from a year earlier.
In the first half of 2024, Ford sold a total of 44,189 electric vehicles in the U.S. market, up 72% from 25,709 in the same period last year.
Ford CEO Jim Farley said the automaker is shifting to smaller, more affordable electric vehicles to close the gap with Tesla and fend off competitors like BYD worldwide. Referring to Americans’ love affair with “larger vehicles,” Farley said smaller electric vehicles are “very important to driving the decarbonisation of American society and the development of electric vehicles.”
Ford’s surge in electric vehicle sales in the US market is enough for it to continue to overtake General Motors. In the United States, GM delivered 21,930 electric vehicles in the second quarter, compared with 38,355 in the first half of 2024.
GM is also ramping up production by introducing new models, with electric models such as the Chevrolet Blazer, Equinox and Silverado coming to the U.S. market. While Tesla did not give specific sales figures by region, its second-quarter electric vehicle sales worldwide exceeded expectations, delivering 443,956 electric vehicles and remaining №1 in the U.S. market.
As competition in the U.S. electric vehicle market intensifies, other competitors, including Hyundai and Kia, also set new EV sales records in the second quarter. Hyundai Motor, for example, set a new sales record with its IONIQ 5 model, which sold 18,728 units in the first half of the year. Meanwhile, sales of Kia’s first three-row electric SUV, the EV9, are also climbing.
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