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Shock absorbers: types, construction, purpose, repair and equipment necessary for this
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By Mia
Understanding the types of brake pads essentially means understanding the materials used in each type. This provides us with a clearer understanding of their names and functions and enables us to offer a reference for choosing the right brake pads.
Friction Materials Composition
The basic composition of brake pads currently available in the market consists of
Shim Steel backing, steel backing adhesive friction material At KETULLA, the steel backing is formed using internationally standard 10mm stainless steel through cold pressing. The friction material comprises a binder, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, phenolic resin, aramid fibers, and various fillers, which are heat-pressed onto the steel backing. The role of the shim is to suppress vibrations, thereby reducing noise. It effectively reduces noise generated by braking. KETULLA utilizes stainless steel or high-quality heat-resistant materials for this purpose.
We typically classify brake pads based on the proportion of key components in the friction material: semi-metallic, low-metallic, ceramic, or collectively referred to as Non-asbestos. In China, asbestos has been strictly prohibited from use in brake pads due to its significant environmental impact and adverse effects on human health. According to the revised regulation 《GB5763-2018》, this has been explicitly stated.
Low Metallic
link hidden, please login to view Low-metallic brake pads are the most economical option, as they typically consist of 10% to 30% metal fibers, phenolic resin binder, graphite particles, and other fillers. These fillers primarily serve to suppress thermal expansion and contraction of the composite material, thus enhancing bonding strength.
Due to the presence of metal fibers in this formulation, research has shown that vehicles equipped with these brake pads may generate dust on our wheel hubs during braking. This dust, typically gray or black, is a byproduct of friction from the metal fibers and tends to accumulate around the wheel hubs due to its electrostatic properties, making the area appear dirty. Over time, this dust accumulation can also cause damage to the brake discs. However, the advantages of low-metallic brake pads include superior heat conductivity, strong friction capabilities, and shorter braking distances. These factors contribute to why we recommend using low-metallic formulations for truck brake pads
“Due to their affordability, this is also why our factory sells the highest quantity of this type of brake pads. In many countries, customers primarily compare prices and performance when selecting brake pads, making them more likely to choose this type over others
Semi Metallic
link hidden, please login to view Semi-metallic brake pads have a similar composition to low-metallic brake pads, but with the difference that they contain 30% to 50% metal fibers. Additionally, they use larger graphite particles, which are more visibly apparent on the surface of the brake pads compared to low-metallic ones. Furthermore, their friction coefficient is slightly higher, with better heat conductivity and braking distance performance.
They are generally suitable for use with truck brake pads. However, they are more likely to generate dust, and improper installation may lead to increased noise. In response to this issue, KETULLA continuously optimizes and adjusts the formulation, resulting in significantly reduced dust and noise generation probabilities.
According to market feedback, the primary cause of noise is usually improper installation, indicating that our formulation optimization has been highly effective. Therefore, our purchasers can rest assured.
Ceramic
link hidden, please login to view Ceramic Brake Pads link hidden, please login to view Ceramic Brake Pads GF At present, ceramic brake pads are the most expensive. Ketulla’s ceramic formulation brake pads utilize high-quality ceramic fibers, graphene, and aramid fibers, without the inclusion of metal fibers. The price of ceramic fibers is significantly higher than that of metal fibers, but they offer superior heat conductivity and friction coefficients. Although there may be a slightly softer pedal feel, it does not affect the braking performance. More importantly, they result in much lower wear on the brake discs compared to other formulations, thus extending the lifespan of the vehicle’s brake pads.
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By roybrakepad
Typically, our customers demand the following from brake pads:
Braking performance. Good pedal feel. No noise (no long, sharp noise or other annoying noises), little to no dust. No vibration during braking. Long-lasting durability. link hidden, please login to view
To meet these demands, KETULLA, as a professional brake pad factory, invests in research and development to formulate friction material compounds suitable for market needs, Types of brake pads:
link hidden, please login to view, link hidden, please login to view, link hidden, please login to view. The reason for adding ceramic fibers to the friction material mixture is that ceramic fibers are stable and significantly enhance the performance of the friction material. On the other hand, adding metal fibers to the friction material is for heat dissipation, especially when used in brake pads that can generate high temperatures.
The ceramic formulation provides a smoother pedal feel, whether the pads are at normal or high temperatures because the friction coefficient of ceramic brake pads decreases slower than that of semi-metallic. Additionally, ceramic formulations produce minimal noise and vibration, resulting in quieter braking with less damage to the brake discs. Ceramic pads hardly produce any dust, keeping the wheels clean and extending their lifespan. The craftsmanship of ceramic pads is superior, visibly appearing grayish-white, and nearly no dust is visible on the wheels.
Furthermore, the dust generated during braking with ceramic formula products is minimal, keeping the wheels clean and prolonging their lifespan. Despite having many advantages compared to other formulations, the ceramic formula is still not suitable for heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks used for towing or hauling, where semi-metallic pads would be more appropriate.
Semi-metallic formulations have a higher content of friction material fibers (reaching 45-50%), providing excellent heat dissipation performance. Compared to ceramic and low-metallic formulas, they can better handle high temperatures. Below 500°C, ceramic formula products wear less than semi-metallic. Above 500°C, the performance and wear of semi-metallic formula products are the best, but the likelihood of noise and brake squeal increases. Ketulla has addressed these issues by redeveloping semi-metallic brake pads to avoid the possibility of squealing at high temperatures. This is achieved by incorporating advanced materials such as graphene into the mixture and using a balanced ratio, which has been widely accepted by more purchasers.
The disadvantages and advantages of ceramic and semi-metallic brake pads
Advantages of KETULLA Ceramic Brake Pads:
Minimal thermal fade: During continuous braking, even when brake temperatures instantly rise above 500 degrees Celsius, they do not melt and still maintain excellent braking performance. High braking force, resulting in shorter braking distances. Low probability of noise generation. Excellent braking performance in wet conditions and on slippery roads, without squealing. Prolongs the lifespan of brake discs: Ceramic brake pads, as they do not contain metal fibers, do not cause scratches on brake discs, making them more friendly to brake discs. Disadvantages:
Higher price: Ceramic brake pads are priced 30% higher than semi-metallic brake pads. Soft braking feel: This is not necessarily a disadvantage, but rather a characteristic of ceramic brake pads. link hidden, please login to view
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