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Exploring The Types Of Brake Pads


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Understanding the types of brake pads essentially means understanding the materials used in each type. This provides us with a clearer understanding of their names and functions and enables us to offer a reference for choosing the right brake pads.

friction materials

Friction Materials Composition

The basic composition of brake pads currently available in the market consists of

  • Shim
  • Steel backing,
  • steel backing adhesive
  • friction material

At KETULLA, the steel backing is formed using internationally standard 10mm stainless steel through cold pressing. The friction material comprises a binder, metal fibers, ceramic fibers, phenolic resin, aramid fibers, and various fillers, which are heat-pressed onto the steel backing. The role of the shim is to suppress vibrations, thereby reducing noise. It effectively reduces noise generated by braking. KETULLA utilizes stainless steel or high-quality heat-resistant materials for this purpose.

We typically classify brake pads based on the proportion of key components in the friction material: semi-metallic, low-metallic, ceramic, or collectively referred to as Non-asbestos. In China, asbestos has been strictly prohibited from use in brake pads due to its significant environmental impact and adverse effects on human health. According to the revised regulation 《GB5763-2018》, this has been explicitly stated.

Low Metallic

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Low-metallic brake pads are the most economical option, as they typically consist of 10% to 30% metal fibers, phenolic resin binder, graphite particles, and other fillers. These fillers primarily serve to suppress thermal expansion and contraction of the composite material, thus enhancing bonding strength.

Due to the presence of metal fibers in this formulation, research has shown that vehicles equipped with these brake pads may generate dust on our wheel hubs during braking. This dust, typically gray or black, is a byproduct of friction from the metal fibers and tends to accumulate around the wheel hubs due to its electrostatic properties, making the area appear dirty. Over time, this dust accumulation can also cause damage to the brake discs. However, the advantages of low-metallic brake pads include superior heat conductivity, strong friction capabilities, and shorter braking distances. These factors contribute to why we recommend using low-metallic formulations for truck brake pads

“Due to their affordability, this is also why our factory sells the highest quantity of this type of brake pads. In many countries, customers primarily compare prices and performance when selecting brake pads, making them more likely to choose this type over others

Semi Metallic

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Semi-metallic brake pads have a similar composition to low-metallic brake pads, but with the difference that they contain 30% to 50% metal fibers. Additionally, they use larger graphite particles, which are more visibly apparent on the surface of the brake pads compared to low-metallic ones. Furthermore, their friction coefficient is slightly higher, with better heat conductivity and braking distance performance.

They are generally suitable for use with truck brake pads. However, they are more likely to generate dust, and improper installation may lead to increased noise. In response to this issue, KETULLA continuously optimizes and adjusts the formulation, resulting in significantly reduced dust and noise generation probabilities.

According to market feedback, the primary cause of noise is usually improper installation, indicating that our formulation optimization has been highly effective. Therefore, our purchasers can rest assured.

Ceramic

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Ceramic Brake Pads
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Ceramic Brake Pads GF

At present, ceramic brake pads are the most expensive. Ketulla’s ceramic formulation brake pads utilize high-quality ceramic fibers, graphene, and aramid fibers, without the inclusion of metal fibers. The price of ceramic fibers is significantly higher than that of metal fibers, but they offer superior heat conductivity and friction coefficients. Although there may be a slightly softer pedal feel, it does not affect the braking performance. More importantly, they result in much lower wear on the brake discs compared to other formulations, thus extending the lifespan of the vehicle’s brake pads.

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The main materials of automobile brake pads are metal-based materials and friction materials. The structure is generally composed of steel plates, adhesive insulation layers and friction blocks.

Metal-based materials usually include steel, copper, aluminum, etc., which play a supporting and heat-conducting role. Among them, the insulation layer is composed of materials that do not transfer heat, and the purpose is heat insulation. The friction block is composed of friction materials and adhesives. The friction material is the main part of the brake pad. It needs to have good wear resistance, heat resistance and friction reduction to provide sufficient friction during braking. When braking, it is squeezed on the brake disc or brake drum to produce friction, thereby achieving the purpose of vehicle deceleration and braking. Due to friction, the friction block will gradually be worn. Generally speaking, the lower the cost of the brake pad, the faster it will wear. At present, the friction materials in automobile brake pads are usually semi-metallic or ceramic materials, which have high wear resistance and heat resistance. In addition, some brake pads will also add fiber materials to improve strength and heat resistance.

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